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Leo Tolstoy Creates a List of Books That Influenced Him Most (1891)

War and Peace, Anna Karenina, The Death of Ivan Ilyich — many of us have felt the influence, to the good or the ill of our own reading and writing, of Leo Tolstoy. But whose influence did Leo Tolstoy feel the most? As luck would have it, we can give you chapter and verse on this, since the novelist drew up just such a list in 1891, which would have put him at age 63.
A Russian publisher had asked 2,000 professors, scholars, artists, and men of letters, public figures, and other luminaries to name the books important to them, and Tolstoy responded with this list divided into five ages of man, with their actual degree of influence ("enormous," "v. great," or merely "great") noted.
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The Story of Joseph, From Genesis
The Story of Joseph, From Genesis
1
The Arabian Nights: One Thousand and One Nights (Anonymous)
The Arabian Nights: One Thousand and One Nights
2
Anonymous
The Little Black Hen (Antony Pogorelsky)
The Little Black Hen
3
Antony Pogorelsky
Russian Fairy Tales and Legends (Downing)
Russian Fairy Tales and Legends
4
Downing
Pushkin Poetry (Pushkin)
Pushkin Poetry
5
Pushkin
Gospel of Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
6
A Sentimental Journey (Laurence Sterne)
A Sentimental Journey
7
Laurence Sterne
Confessions (Saint Augustine)
Confessions
8
Saint Augustine
Emile
Emile
9
Julie, Ou La Nouvelle Heloise
Julie, Ou La Nouvelle Heloise
10
Eugene Onegin
Eugene Onegin
11
Die Räuber (Friedrich Schiller)
Die Räuber
12
Friedrich Schiller
The Overcoat
The Overcoat
13
The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol (Nikolai Gogol)
The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol
14
Nikolai Gogol
Dead Souls (Nikolai Gogol)
Dead Souls
15
Nikolai Gogol
A Sportsman's Sketches (Ivan Turgenev)
A Sportsman's Sketches
16
Ivan Turgenev
Polinka Saks (Aleksandr Druzhinin)
Polinka Saks
17
Aleksandr Druzhinin
The Hapless Anton (Grigorovich)
The Hapless Anton
18
Grigorovich
David Copperfield (Charles Dickens)
David Copperfield
19
Charles Dickens
A Hero of Our Time (Mikhail Lermontov)
A Hero of Our Time
20
Mikhail Lermontov
History of the Conquest of Mexico (William Prescott)
History of the Conquest of Mexico
21
William Prescott
Herrmann Und Dorothea (Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe)
Herrmann Und Dorothea
22
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
Notre-Dame De Paris (Hugo)
Notre-Dame De Paris
23
Hugo
Poems (Tyutchev)
Poems
24
Tyutchev
The Iliad (Homer)
The Iliad
25
Homer
The Odyssey (Homer)
The Odyssey
26
Homer
Poems (Afanasy Fet)
Poems
27
Afanasy Fet
Phaedo (Plato)
Phaedo
28
Plato
Symposium (Plato)
Symposium
29
Plato
Les Misérables (Victor Hugo)
Les Misérables
30
Victor Hugo
The Persian Expedition (Xenophon)
The Persian Expedition
31
Xenophon
East Lynne (Ellen Wood)
East Lynne
32
Ellen Wood
Middlemarch (George Eliot)
Middlemarch
33
George Eliot
The Way We Live Now (Anthony Trollope)
The Way We Live Now
34
Anthony Trollope
The Gospels
The Gospels
35
Progress and Poverty (Henry George)
Progress and Poverty
36
Henry George
A Discourse on the Transient and Permanent in Christianity (Theodore Parker)
A Discourse on the Transient and Permanent in Christianity
37
Theodore Parker
The Essence of Christianity (Ludwig Feuerbach)
The Essence of Christianity
38
Ludwig Feuerbach
Pascal - Pensées
Pascal - Pensées
39
Discourses and Selected Writings (Epictetus)
Discourses and Selected Writings
40
Epictetus
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